Effect of Erbium-yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet [ErYSGG] laser on the bond strength of lithium disilicate ceramics

Objectives: To assess the bond strength of LD ceramics with resin composite material and surface conditioning using Er:YSGG laser and HF acid

Methods: Thirty LD ceramic [Emax, Ivoclar vivadent] discs were prepared using hot pressing technique and treated with hydroflouric acid [Group-1-HF acid] [9%] [n=10] and Er- yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet laser [Group-2-ER-YSGG laser] [Waterlase iPlus, 10 Hz and power of 0.5 W, pulse duration of 230 micro s] [n=10]. Ten specimens were left untreated to be included as controls [Group-3-Control]. All the specimens were treated with Adper Single Bond adhesive [3MESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA]. Multicore buildups [3mmx3mm] were performed using a rubber mold on the ceramic surfaces and cured using LED light-curing unit for 140 sec. All specimens were tested using shear bond test and failure modes were assessed with a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Data was analysed using ANOVA and Tukey Kramer multiple comparisons test

Results: The maximum and minimum shear bond strength values were achieved in HF Acid specimens [Group-1] [28.15 +/- 4.72 MPa] and control specimens [13.47 +/- 3.14 MPa] respectively. Specimens treated with HF acid showed significantly higher bond strength in comparison to laser treated and control specimens [p<0.01]. Laser treated specimens had significantly higher bond strength as compared to controls [p<0.01]

Conclusions: Hydrofluoric [HF] acid treatment showed significantly better outcomes than YSGG laser surface treatment

A Pilot Study of Skin Resurfacing Using the 2,790-nm Erbium:YSGG Laser System

BACKGROUND: The erbium:yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er:YSGG) laser differs from other laser techniques by having a faster and higher cure rate. Since the Er:YSGG laser causes an appropriate proportion of ablation and coagulation, it has advantages over the conventional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser and the erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, including heating tendencies and explosive vaporization. This research was conducted to explore the effects and safety of the Er:YSGG laser. METHODS: Twenty patients participated in the pilot study of a resurfacing system using a 2,790-nm Er:YSGG laser. All patients received facial treatment by the 2,790-nm Er:YSGG laser system (Cutera) twice with a 4-week interval. Wrinkle reduction, reduction in pigment inhomogeneity, and improvement in tone and texture were measured. RESULTS: Study subjects included 15 women and five men. Re-epithelization occurred in all subjects 3 to 4 days after treatment, and wrinkle reduction, reduction in pigment inhomogeneity, and improvement in tone and texture within 6 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The 2,790-nm YSGG laser technique had fewer complications and was effective in the improvement of scars, pores, wrinkles, and skin tone and color with one or two treatments. We expect this method to be effective for people with acne scars, pore scars, deep wrinkles, and uneven skin texture and color.

Preparation and quality control of scandium-46 bleomycin as a possible therapeutic agent

Due to interesting therapeutic properties of [46]Sc and antineoblastic antibiotic, bleomycin [BLM], 46Scbleomycin [[46]Sc-BLM] was developed as a possible therapeutic compound. In this work, Sc-46 chloride was obtained by thermal neutron flux [4 × 10[13] n.cm[-2].s[-1]] of natural metallic scandium sample followed by dissolution in acidic media as a substitute for [47]Sc in radiolabeling studies which was further used for labeling of bleomycin [BLM] followed by stability studies as well as biodistribution in wild-type rats. Sc-46 was obtained in high radiochemical purity [ITLC, >99%, two systems] as well as acceptable specific activity. At optimized conditions a radiochemical purity of 98% was obtained for [46]Sc-BLM shown by ITLC [Specific activity, 740 GBq/mmole]. The accumulation of the radiolabeled compound in lungs, liver and spleen demonstrates a similar pattern to the other radiolabeled bleomycins. Sc-BLM is a possible therapeutic agent in human malignancies and the efficacy of the compound should be tested in various tumor-bearing models

An experimental study on the effect of LASER on soft tissue healing

Chelation behaviour of some lanthanide [III], scandium [III], yttrium [III], thorium [IV] and uranium [VI] complexes with some hydroxy nitrosocoumarins

The stability constants of the lanthanide ions [La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb]; Sc, Y, Th and UO22+ ions with some hydroxy nitrosocoumarins were determined in 40% ethanol-water mixture at 25 degree and 0.1 ionic strength. It was found that the stability constants of the complexes increased with increasing ionic radii, from Y to Sm. The so called Gadolinium break was observed with heavier lanthanides. Sc and Th complexes possessed the highest stability constants. The potentiometric measurements and conductimetric titrations showed that 1: 1 and 1: 2 [M: L] complexes were invariably formed